Monday, September 12, 2011

final corrections in answer key

q.no 31 is wrong in NTSE SAT answer key as per our experts
however in other disputed questions Resonance's  answers are wrong

74 comments:

Anonymous said...

Dear Nilesh Ji,

It is very disappointing that except 1 question, all the other answers of NCERT is correct.

I still have doubts. Please get these answers of disputed questions verified again from your experts.

abhishek said...

sir what does it mean would every child get a grace mark for the question no. 31 of SAT??? Please reply....
My ID is abhi.agg49@gmail.com

abhishek said...

sir please help me and tell me that what should i do i have scored 148 marks while cutoff is 149. Please help me in getting my OMR sheet so that i can check my Answer sheet and can check whether i can score any more marks or not. Sir please help me.

Anonymous said...

i have recived my omr sheet and official answer key. i am selected firstly but for knowing the questions which are wrong i want omr sheet

abhishek said...

Will we get the grace marks for the question no. 31 of SAT??????
Please reply.....

Anonymous said...

sir, I have my doubts:

SAT Q 74

NTSE Answer: 1

(Companies of foreign countries can play an equal role in development of India's economy)



I think it is 4(Private sectors...public sector)


In Class 8 NCERT history book part 2 page no 168:-
.... There was a board agreement on what was called a mixed economy model. Here both the State and the private sector would play important and complementary roles......



Please check this out with your experts...

Anonymous said...

I have doubts about SAT Q 74 as according to NCERT book, Ans 4 is correct.

abhishek said...

yes i also think that its answer is 4th option

Shikha said...

One marks counts a lot.
Indeed N.C.E.R.T. has goofed up

abhishek said...

i need only 1 mark to clear NTSE

Shikha said...

where have you read it in ncert???

abhishek said...

what???

Shikha said...

you r fast
i mean about q=74

abhishek said...

i have also checked from many books

abhishek said...

how many marks have you scored??

Shikha said...

138
really bad

abhishek said...

and i have scored 148 which is the most worse number

Shikha said...

r u lyk preparing for ijso???

abhishek said...

i want to but i 'm not sure that would i give it or not

Shikha said...

why??

abhishek said...

when is it?

abhishek said...

where do you live?

abhishek said...

you are somewhat slow in typing

Shikha said...

27 of november
bt i guess last date fo submission is 15 of this month

Shikha said...

ugh not as slow
i live in gzb, u.p.

abhishek said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
abhishek said...

ghaziabad?

Shikha said...

r u on facebook??

abhishek said...

pls suggest me that what should i do to get 1 mark so that i can be one of the NTSE toppers.

abhishek said...

yes i am on facebook

Shikha said...

u r too fast gzb in uttar pradesh

Shikha said...

i.d.??

abhishek said...

i know i am fastest in typing in my class

abhishek said...

abhi.agg50@yahoo.co.in

abhishek said...

what's your ID?

Anonymous said...

My son is in top 25 but I too feel that MAT Q 89; SAT Q 74, Q 31 and 68 answers by NCERT are incorrect

Shikha said...

I have sent you request

Shikha said...

People why dont we be frnds on facebook??
Would be better. no?
And ya any blogger suggestion for ijso.
My id brainteasingshikha@gmail.com

Shikha said...

You know this question wasnt misprinted i mean it has an answer "B"

Then why give marks to all the students for free???

pulkit said...

hi abishek and sikha
i am also in ur state of dilemma
i am from mangalore and missed ntse by 1 mark-148
i am trying to get my omr sheet but ncert is not sending it to me
what r u doing furthur

Shikha said...

I am in no such state
Havent even reached 148 :(

Shikha said...

and i was thinking of everyone of us mixing up in facebook
but seems students r more of a book worm type

Nilesh said...

Is NCERT going to give marks to every student for Q31.

pulkit said...

i disagree with u shikha
"some r book worms" "only some" not all

abhishek said...

i have got my OMR sheet's photostat copy but i still need 1 mark to clear NTSE. Please suggest me any way. Please help me.

Rajkumar said...

i have been looking in for the comments raised by studdents and I am surprised.
students are more busy trying to get 1 mark this way or the other.
Also i couldnot understand if students of this age are in so much pain then where are all the parents gone, they are not at blog.WHY.
NCERT has already extended list of 1000 students to 1063 because they have given scholarship to all the students who were at cutoff marks.Raising would mean few will get marks and may be this will raise cutoff too,if that will make 1000 scholars.
I personaly think its about one month passed after the result and NCERT must have stated sending their booklets to successful candidates. will anything less than legal way can help you.
Also I can see students struggling for marks when almost this is clear that NCERT key is broadly correct, why not start concentrating on next exams, they are more prestigous and need more attention. No doubt all those who got more than 120-125 marks are all brilliant ones. remember NTSE is percentile exam counting to 1000 students no matter where cutoff goes.
so folks do what ever you can for getting those extra marks or marks you deserve but start for next exams which are quite near in next 2 months
all the best to all the students

Rajkumar said...

Dear Nilesh ji
I think you can see the pain students are feeling by not getting through NTSE just by few marks.
Also you may see that parents are not on blog by this time, who are the one who will take decision abou the action.
and Also if you remember Reso was promoting students till last year by providing them study material at lower prices / scholarships who were NTSE 2nd stage clear students;this time when NCERT has not done good to students why not you people provide the same as earlier by setting certain marks criteria like some thing about 130 marks and offer the students to take next exam material from Reso at scholarship prices. This would feel them feel pride for their labour and would make them feel good.This may heal a little.
Hope this would be considered soon as exams are quite near in Nov
TRUE IJSO AND OLYMPIADS LAST DATE IS 15 SEPT FOR THIS YEAR.
REGARDS
BEST OF LUCK TO ALL THESE BRILLIANT STUDENTS WHO ARE ABOVE 120 MARKS, YOU ALL ARE PRIDE TO THE FRATINITY OF INTELLIGENT STUDENTS OF THE COUNTRY...

pooran kumar said...

Dear Mr. Rajkumar,

I appreciate your ideas and your feelings. I may further correct you, all the students are brilliant because they have proved it in Ist Stage of NTSE exam. So dear little kids, there are more chances in the life. Don't waste your time on thinking for One or Two marks.
Resonance should also take care of boosting the morale of those who could not find their name in the list due to limitation of vacancies. They should treat at par all the students.

Anonymous said...

The matter should not have gone up to RTI. NCERT and the state boards should release their own answer keys few days after the exam and welcome comments from everyone.


Besides, I think we made a delay in sending the RTI applications. We should have asked for the official answer keys soon after the exam was over.

Rajkumar said...

Thanks Poorna kumarji,
I really appriciate your emotions with the students,I know as I am also a father.
Few more words of suggestion if somebody notice-
1. Reso is already giving appriciation by giving them relaxation of 50% in fee of next class; but what I would wish to suggest was Reso should further give relaxation in fees by certain marks to the students who could not get thro by few marks on the basis of result as the marks are given by NCERT wiith result.
2. Rightly said Pooranji, state should identify qualifiers of stage 1 of respective states as the exams are solely conducted by states and list of students remains with them. They can atlest give those students certificate of appriciation if not some scholarship to encourage. Although I am of the view that states can sanction certain scholarship of say Rs 200-250 (50%) of NTSE. They can very easily do this even by not thinking of buying one car per year or by postponing one International Training camp of one officer which is least required ( Do all the expert officers of state need training to know what is going on globally in the era of internet, then its better to employ more expert officer who knows on the cost of untrained ones).Remember this they will do for the kids of future state who may be are more laborious then they themselves ( I wonder if few one can count they have cleared NTSE stage 1 too, when NTSE is some 35-40 yrs old exam )
3. a seperate blog or face book account shoulld be created for such people who wish to remain in touch and are ready to do a little for these kids ( even after few days when exam gets over for the shake of coming up students )so that they may give resistance / suggestion if not ready for aa bigger fight. People will not get Anna for these innocent kids of age 12-13 yrs.
4. A good group can be created here or else where of learned people ( Parents of such kids ) as some may be lawers,Politicians, administrative officers, notable persons of society media, etc.
Please comment - anyone who feels concerned -
Best regards
Painfully Yours.....

pooran kumar said...

Dear Rajkumar Ji,

I would like to bring some other things before you. I am surprised how Resonance accepted that NCERT answers are correct and their own answers are wrong ? They even did not take little pain to confirm questions in SAT like 68, 74, 80. Question 68 - In History book, it is clearly mentioned that William Jones and Colebrook were orientalist. There is definition of Oriantilism.

In Question 74 in Book History, there is clearly mentioned that Mixed economy means "Private sector plays complementary role alongwith Public Sector."

In question No. 80 in Book there is clearly mentioned that Maize requires Moderate tempreture, rainfall and clear sun shine.

When all the above three question's answer is very much clear in NCERT Books, then how Resonance up their hands without confirming the same.

Moreover, in MAT Question No. 36 is wrong which pertains to "Engineers marry Teachers". Mr. Nilesh Gupta himself has given the same on Scribe.com.

Question No. 89 - there is no logic at all for answer 2.

If Mr. Nilesh Gupta is regularly reading this blog, kindly reply on my comments. I can give you the name of book of NCERT, its chapter number and even the page no. on which information derived by me is present.

Regards.

pooran kumar said...

Dear Rajkumar Ji,

I would like to bring some other things before you. I am surprised how Resonance accepted that NCERT answers are correct and their own answers are wrong ? They even did not take little pain to confirm questions in SAT like 68, 74, 80. Question 68 - In History book, it is clearly mentioned that William Jones and Colebrook were orientalist. There is definition of Oriantilism.

In Question 74 in Book History, there is clearly mentioned that Mixed economy means "Private sector plays complementary role alongwith Public Sector."

In question No. 80 in Book there is clearly mentioned that Maize requires Moderate tempreture, rainfall and clear sun shine.

When all the above three question's answer is very much clear in NCERT Books, then how Resonance up their hands without confirming the same.

Moreover, in MAT Question No. 36 is wrong which pertains to "Engineers marry Teachers". Mr. Nilesh Gupta himself has given the same on Scribe.com.

Question No. 89 - there is no logic at all for answer 2.

If Mr. Nilesh Gupta is regularly reading this blog, kindly reply on my comments. I can give you the name of book of NCERT, its chapter number and even the page no. on which information derived by me is present.

Regards.

Anonymous said...

hi

all

Himesh Jain said...

Dear Nilesh Ji,

I am a resonite (Jaipur South center).
It is very disappointing for me to get rejected in NTSE for just 1 marks, I have some doubts which i want to share with you:-
1. I know that all the answers except SAT - 31 qestion are right but i have few doubts in some question they are:
a) SAT - 4, 51, 52, 56
b) MAT - 36, 89
(please let me know the explanation for the answers provided by NCERT)
2. If some error from NCERT is done in checking then what to do??



Please reply sir my ID is himeshjain13@gmail.com

Thanx for co-operation

Himesh Jain said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
abhishek said...

Dear Nilesh Ji,
It is very disappointing for me also to get rejected in NTSE for just 1 marks, I have some doubts which i want to share with you:-
1. I know that all the answers except SAT - 31 qestion are right but i have few doubts in some question they are:
a) SAT - 4, 51, 52, 56
b) MAT - 36, 89
(please let me know the explanation for the answers provided by NCERT)
2. If some error from NCERT is done in checking then what to do??



Please reply sir my ID is abhi.agg50@yahoo.co.in

Thanx for co-operation

Socialscience4u said...

Dear Sir,
In some questions problems do exist. Its not possible to digest the answers given by NCERT.
One such question is Q.No. 74. What does the 'mixed economy' in India mean ?
Answer given by NCERT is (C) Private companies of India are allowed to invest in public sector.
This question is not discussed anywhere int eh syllabus of class VIII NCERT curriculum. According to page no. 110 of the NCERT book of class X - Contemporary India, First edition published in March 2003, under the heading given Some Features of Indian Economy - paragraph no.07 says -
The Pubic sector plays a dominant role in Indian Economy. After independence, the Government of India adopted the concept of MIXED ECONOMY, with public and private sectors playing COMPLEMENTARY ROLES and remaining active partners in the common task of development. Since 1991, there has been a drastic change int he government policy; it tilted towards privatisation, liberalisation and golobalisation. Even then, public sector enterprises play a crucial role not only in infrastructure facilities for the people, but also in industries in private sector.
The above lines prove that the answer given by NCERT is wrong and the answer should be option (D) private sectors play a complementary role along with the public sector.
If anyone of you want to use this book as a source can contact me on my email id.

Socialscience4u said...

Dear Sir,
In some questions problems do exist. Its not possible to digest the answers given by NCERT.
One such question is Q.No. 74. What does the 'mixed economy' in India mean ?
Answer given by NCERT is (C) Private companies of India are allowed to invest in public sector.
This question is not discussed anywhere int eh syllabus of class VIII NCERT curriculum. According to page no. 110 of the NCERT book of class X - Contemporary India, First edition published in March 2003, under the heading given Some Features of Indian Economy - paragraph no.07 says -
The Pubic sector plays a dominant role in Indian Economy. After independence, the Government of India adopted the concept of MIXED ECONOMY, with public and private sectors playing COMPLEMENTARY ROLES and remaining active partners in the common task of development. Since 1991, there has been a drastic change int he government policy; it tilted towards privatisation, liberalisation and golobalisation. Even then, public sector enterprises play a crucial role not only in infrastructure facilities for the people, but also in industries in private sector.
The above lines prove that the answer given by NCERT is wrong and the answer should be option (D) private sectors play a complementary role along with the public sector.
If anyone of you want to use this book as a source can contact me on my email id.
viduvinod09@gmail.com

Anonymous said...

There is some problem with NCERT answer sheet. why Reso is not taking up the matter is beyond our comprehension.

Anonymous said...

yes ur correct no one is agitated over extra marks awarded to punjab students alone something is wrong somewhere

pooran kumar said...

I don't bother about the extra marks allotted to Punjab Students. They may deserve this due to printing problems. But actual problem is with question No. 68, 74 and 80 (SAT) for which I have send a detailed letter to NCERT. I am reproducing below the same :

Question No. 68 : As per official answer sheet of NCERT the answer is given 4. It is apparently seems to be wrong answer given by NCERT. The correct answer is 3. In support of answer 3 – I would like to draw your kind attention towards the NCERT Book “Social Science” Book “Our Pasts – III (Part – 2) page No. 97 (Heading of the chapter is “Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation”) the definition of Orientalists has been given which reads as under :

“ Orientalists : Those with a scholarly knowledge of the language and culture of Asia”.

Here the scholarly means (Spending a lot of time studying and having a lot of knowledge about an academic subject), as per Oxford Dictionary.

In the beginning of the chapter it is very much clear from various lines that William Jones and Henry Thomas Colebrooke were busy discovering the ancient Indian heritage, mastering Indian Languages and translating Sanskrit and Persian works into English. In Fig. 2 the picture of Henry Thomas Colebrooke is given and in his introduction it is mentioned “He was a scholar of Sanskrit and ancient scared writings of Hinduism”

Since they both were having scholarly knowledge of the language and culture of Asia so they both were Orientalists. Thus the Answer 3 seems quite reasonable.

Question No. 74 : As per official answer key of NCERT the answer is given 3. This answer also seems to be wrong one. The correct answer is 4. In support of answer 4, I would like to draw your kind attention towards the NCERT book “ Social Science” “Our Pasts – III (Part – 2) page No. 168 under chapter 12 “India After Independence”. Here the text mentioned as under :

“There was a broad agreement on what was called a “mixed economy” model. Here, both the State and the private sector would play important and complementary roles in increasing production and generating jobs.”

From the above paragraph, which is reproduced from NCERT Book, speaks clearly that answer 4 is correct.

Question No. 80 : As per official answer key of NCERT, the answer is given 3. This answer seems to be wrong one. The correct answer may be 2. I would like to draw your kind attention towards the NCERT book “Social Science” “Resources and Development (Geography)” for Class VIII (Eight Class) Chapter No. 4 named as “AGRICULTURE” on Pageno.44 the geographical conditions of Wheat are given. On the next page, the geographical conditions of Maize are also given which are identical as of wheat. From the text reference, it is clear that answer 2 is correct as per NCERT books.

Question No. 4 : Question No. 4 seems to be defective one. Kindly note, as per the origin of the substances “Cotton” is correct answer, but as per the uses of the substances “Hair” is the correct answer. All the other three materials are used to make clothes to wear.

The question is defective and it should be “On the basis of origin, find the odd one out” or “On the basis of Uses find odd one out “ like style.

Apart from this, on MAT question no. 36 and 89 I have also write to NCERT. Question 36 is wrong whereas the answer of 89 is wrong.

All should write to NCERT and its director on the above lines.

Socialscience4u said...

Dear Pooran,
You are right for question no. 74, but on question no. 04 and and 80 are wrong.
For Q.No. 4 the correct answer should be cotton only as Cotton contain only Cellulose that contain element C and O, but silk, wool and hair have N.
For Q. No 80 also there is a big problem - Wheat is a crop of Rabi season, but Maize is a crop of Kharif season, so going according to the seasons Mustard is the correct answer.
For the other two questions , I think U can definitely right to NCERT.

Himesh Jain said...

pooran u are right would u mind checking question no 36 SAT in it two answers are possible ( 2 and -2 ) but only 2 is given correct why

Himesh Jain said...

sorry not 36 pooran but 56 SAT and my explanation for 36 MAT is-


36. Statements:
a) Engineers marry only teachers
b) Rashmi is a teacher
Conclusions:
I Rashmi is married to an engineer
II Rashmi is not married to an engineer

1. Only I follows
2. Only II follows
3. Both I and II follow
4. Neither I nor II follow


NCERT answer is (4), doubt: It can not be possible that both the conclusions according to 4 are incorrect, according to their(NCERT) answer if we take that situation in which I doesn't follow that means-
we can take the conclusion that " Rashmi is not married to an engineer ". According to this there are 2 possibilities : Either she is married to another person than engineer or she is unmarried . These 2 possibilities follow II conclusion which is contradictory with option 4 (NCERT's answer). The option should be Either I or II follow

Anonymous said...

rashmi may not be married at all

Rajkumar said...

Dear all & Pooranji,
I am willing to follow you, give me ncert officials ids I will follow on your lines cos I am convinced and will follow up with them, but remember I donot think anything can help,
sure my duty is to let them understand that they may be wrong and they should give option before declaring result and freezing result key so that most of the disparities are covered and will be justified for a clean heart & head.
Officials should understand especially the teachers of NCERT should take care while making key that simply no problem would come to them or its simply their duty to make the key will make innocent kids feel that there is no one who can give ear to their plea.
I would wish here to let people see that this young generation is not asking for pity on them but are working hard & giving you reasons for their answers!
Salutes to these kids & its quite disappointing on the part of key maker teachers and more on senior officers at NCERT who cannot see the quality of their teachers.
NCERT Officials - a suggestion for you - why not appoint some senior people from universities or faculties when its clear that you have to pay even these teachers. Atleast you will become the part of rendering correct knowledge to this upcoming generation who will be mentors/part of develpoement of India in next generation. Please Please donot let them feel that there is no one who can appriciate their right efforts. Also you are the one whom next generation is following ( NCERT books are book to refer & is being following by most of the state sallaby. Can anyone think that NCERT is condusting NTSE Exam and is not even looking into their own words in the books, I feel sorry and ashamed )
Remember that this key problem has come up becuase this was a matter about little kids. Be this was a matter of some job/service,even for temp clerical work, NCERT people would have to sit more in courts then in their offices.
Finally I would again suggest that there should be a better face book kid of discussion place then this one.
Again Pooranji you are doing good,Please keep doing same,

Best of luck for u all students

pooran kumar said...

Dear Rajkumar Ji,

If you want to write, you may send your letter to Prof. Avtar Singh. He is the Head of DEME who conduct the NTS examination.

I am not convinced with your comments on NCERT people. Mr. Avtar Singh himself is a very learned and gentle person. See his profile at NCERT website, you will find that how great his personality is ? Moreover, he is also a true gentleman. But being the Govt. Department, they have to follow certain rules. I am also a Govt. employee and know the procedures.

NCERT set the question paper through different teachers. Most of them are honest to their job that's why out of 200 questions, only 5 or 6 or 7 are in doubts. So we can not alleged NCERT for everything wrong doing. Some and only some teachers are not upto the mark and from here the problem starts of wrong answers supplying.

NCERT is fully empowered to review the result in the light of wrong doings. But I will not prefer that NCERT review the whole result because this may result in some sad and unhappy end. just think, the kids who are selected on the basis of these wrong answers of NCERT, how they will feel when some fine morning they found that due to result revision they loose.

I, through this blog, would like to request NCERT instead of reviewing result, they should increase the number of seats by atleast 200 and accommodate those, who has given the correct answers of disputed question. In response to my RTI, they had disclosed that they are having a budget of 60.00 lacs towards scholarships. Although the budget is not allotted by Govt. It is allotted by the council itself. So If they further increase the seats by 200 then they would have to incur 12.00 lac more or 18.00 lacs in case of increase of seats by 300. For this, they do not have to grant permission from Govt. The council itself can decided over it.

In my opinion, they should do this instead of revising the result which will lead to further chaos and disappointments amongst little kids.

One more thing for little kids, do not have expectations but have hopes. Expectations lead to disappointment whereas hope always leads to more opportunities and avenues. Hope means positive attitude whereas expectations means negative attitude.

Little kids, have hope that something will be done by NCERT and concentrate on your SA1 and other olympiads and IJSO. Leave this matter of getting justice from NCERT on us. We will try not to disappoint you.

I am also thankful to Mr. Nilesh Gupta, who earlier has disappointed us by saying that Reso is wrong in disputed questions. Now they have come again to fight for justice.

Regards to all.

pulkit' said...

sir pooran kumar
your comment has encouraged us to fight for justice.
i hope the NCERT comes up with a favour on our side
Kindly keep us informed
my email id is
pulkit_sareen@yahoo.co.in

pooran kumar said...

Dear Pulkit,

Don't worry. NCERT has to come out with corrective measures. They are bound to do it.

I will inform you from time to time.

Rajkumar said...

Dear Pooranji and all
I highly respect your efforts and your views are quite mature and correct,still I would not accept views on answer key mistakes although your are true about what is better,
My views was - NCERT may release aanswer key-ask /offer people if they can give other answers with reasons-get them rechecked-give a freezed key and evaluate OMR on that freezed key,This will reduce disputes to minimum + will give students first hand information if they are getting the same answer as they count on key ( so that may claim if they find different marks then what they can count with going through RTI kind of things for such young students) even they may remain in proper screening of parents and would not give excuse of NCERT at fault.
Pooranji, this is not about counting people at NCERT less as you mentioned about Avatar Singh ji,True he is lerned man and further he is truely a gentleman I know, Last time when Rajasthan State result was in question, he was the key man to get that corrected understanding pain & axiety of students of calibare. He was the only man at NCERT whose administartive ways resulted in relief to aggrieved students when state authorities were altogether not ready to accept their deeds/mistakes inspite of the matter related to state where NCERT donot interefere. This saved many really worthy students of state else I even cannot think of the situation, Even greater thanks to reso people esp Nilesh ji & Vermaji.
I am not here because any of my kids have lost a place in NTSE-No, my kids are recent scholars,But still I feel some good should have been done to improve.
Also increasing scholarship by 200 or so will not make a extra load as said-its only 500 X 200 = 10,000 pa, not at higher slab. rest of the budget is an ongoing process.
Yes, true that NCERT will increase the seats but sorry to say that probably from next sessions onwards.
Pooranji, thanks for informing about your efforts and I can feel the wiilingness and a true heart behind your efforts, I would hardly find a man like you, please keep doing this.
Kids should listen you as you rightly said its not the end but a start to evaluate themsleves for a better competition ahead.
Also kids should remember that name of scholars ( Not only NTSE scholars) keep showing as a result of their continued efforts no matter one exam returned with some good or bad. Final result is sum of all the efforts they have palced during their studies althrough schooling and college period.
so still they have to travel a long. they must stand up fast before its too late.
My profound regards to you Pooranji.
take care
and children remember you all have to feel little responsibility of being true GEMS of the nation, so feel proud and responsible. This high time to listen people like Pooranji, we are here to not let your interests robbed.
Best wishes kids

Anonymous said...

Pooran Kumar Sir, it is suggested that this matter be brought to the knowledge to Sh Kapil Sibbal also. He may intervene in this issue and suggest ways how to resolve this matter.

pooran kumar said...

Dear, Never think that you would get justice from such a high profile persons. Prof. Avtar Singh, I hope so, is more than sufficient to provide justice to all the concerned. If he fails then the Media and courts are open for us.
But I suggest you to concentrate on your study. Leave the matter for some more days.

Anonymous said...

i won ntse but i got only 163 marks .
the 90th que of mat's answer key of ncert is wrong please check it

Anonymous said...

i am the topper in ntse with 186 marks